Fighting Ageism through Intergenerational Activities, a Transformative Experience
Keywords:
Ageism, intergenerational relationships, transformative learning, older adults, college students.Abstract
Older adults are the fastest-growing population in the world. There is already a higher demand for professionals to serve this population. Therefore, it is important to prepare young adults to work with the aging cohort. However, ageism impedes people to be interested and interact with older adults. Ageism is more prevalent among younger generations, but intergenerational relationships may reduce ageist beliefs. This qualitative study explored the perceptions of college students. It was found that intergenerational relationships are an opportunity for transformative experiences to occur. Young adults questioned previous ageist beliefs and became more knowledgeable and appreciative of late adulthood. Adult educators should promote intergenerational relationships so future professionals are better qualified to work with the aging population.References
Author # 1. (2014). Sharing widsom-compartiendo sabiduria”: An educational program for the older Latino population in the Greater Harrisburg Area. In Proceedings from Adult Education Research Conference. Harrisburg, PA. Retrieved from http://newprairiepress.org/aerc/2014/papers/2
Andersen, I., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Ghost and the machine: Bringing untold personal spiritual and cultural experiences to life through the medium of digital storytelling. In Proceedings from Adult Education Research Conference. Charlotte, NC. Retrieved from http://newprairiepress.org/aerc/2016/papers/2
Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., Akert, R. M., & Sommers, S. R. (2016). Social psychology and health (Ninth ed.). New York. NY: Pearson.
Barnett, M. D., & Adams, C. M. (2018). Ageism and aging anxiety among young adults: Relationships with contact, knowledge, fear of death, and optimism. Educational Gerontology, 44(11), 693-700. doi:10.1080/03601277.2018.1537163
Barratt, L. (2018). Revera Report on Ageism. International Federation on Aging. Retrieved from: https://www.ifa-fiv.otg/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Revera-IFA-Ageism-Report.pdf
Boyadjieva, P., & Ilieva-Trichkova, P. (2017). Between inclusion and fairness: Social justice perspective to participation in adult education. Adult Education Quarterly, 67(2), 97-117. doi:10.1177/0741713616685398
Borrero, L. (2015). Reflections from the field: Intergenerational service learning: Bringing together undergraduate students and older adult learners to engage in collaborative research. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 13(2), 188-192. doi:10.1080/15350770.2015.1025679
Campos, I. D., Stripling, A. M., & Heesacker, M. (2012). “Estoy viejo”[I’m old]: Internalized ageism as self-referential, negative, ageist speech in the Republic of Panama. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 27(4), 373-390.
Caspar, S., Davis, E., McNeill, D. M. J., & Kellett, P. (2019). Intergenerational programs: Breaking down ageist barriers and improving youth experiences.Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 53(2), 149-164. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/TRJ-2019-V53-I2-9126
Chippendale, T. (2013). Elders' life stories: Impact on the next generation of health professionals. Current Gerontology & Geriatrics Research, 1-7.
Clarke, L. H., & Griffin, M. (2008). Visible and invisible aging: beauty work as a response to ageism. Aging & Society, 28, 653-674.
Cranton, P. (2006). Understanding and promoting transformative learning: A guide for educators of adults. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Cranton, P., & Roy, M. (2003). When the bottom falls out of the bucket toward a holistic perspective on transformative learning. Journal of Transformative Education, 1(2), 86-98.
Gardner P., & Alegre, R. (2019). “Just like us”: Increasing awareness, prompting action and combating ageism through a critical intergenerational service learning project. Educational Gerontology, 45:2, 146-158, DOI: 10.1080/03601277.2019.1584976
Glassman, M., Erdem, G., & Bartholomew, M. (2013). Action Research and Its History as an Adult Education Movement for Social Change. Adult Education Quarterly, 63(3), 272–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713612471418
Gouthro, P. A. (2019). Taking time to learn: The importance of theory for adult education. Adult Education Quarterly, 69(1), 60-76. doi:10.1177/0741713618815656
Gullette, M. M. (2011). Agewise: Fighting the new ageism in America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Holst, J. D. (2010). Social justice and dispositions for adult education. Adult Education Quarterly, 60(3), 260;249;-260. doi:10.1177/0741713609354118
Jarrott, S. E. (2011). Where have we been and where are we going? Content analysis of evaluation research of intergenerational programs. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 9(1), 37-52.
King, S. P., & Lauder, R. (2016). Active living and learning: A multifaceted intergenerational program. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 14(2), 151-155.
Lokon, E., Kinney, J. M., & Kunkel, S. (2012). Building bridges across age and cognitive barriers through art: College students’ reflections on an intergenerational program with elders who have dementia. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 10(4), 337-354.
Merriam, S. B., Caffarella, R. S., & Baumgartner, L. M. (2007). Learning in adulthood: A comprehensive guide (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (Fourth ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Meshel, D. S., & McGlynn, R. P. (2004). 1. Educational Gerontology, 30(6), 457-479.
Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative dimensions of adult learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Mezirow, J. (1996). Contemporary paradigms of learning. Adult Education Quarterly, 46(3), 158-172.
Mezirow, J. (2012). Learning to think like an adult. Core concepts of transformation Theory. In E. W., Taylor, & P., Cranton, (Eds.). The handbook of transformative learning: Theory, research, and practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
North, M. S., & Fiske, S. T. (2012). An inconvenienced youth? Ageism and its potential intergenerational roots. Psychological Bulletin, 138(5), 982.
O’Connor, M. L., & McFadden, S. H. (2012). A terror management perspective on young adults’ ageism and attitudes toward dementia. Educational Gerontology, 38(9), 627-643.
Orte, C., Vives, M., Amer, J., Ballester, L., Pascual, B., Gomila, M. A., & Pozo, R. (2018). Sharing intergenerational relationships in educational contexts: The experience of an international program in three countries (Spain, Poland, and Turkey). Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 16(1-2), 86-103.
Palmore, E. (2015). Ageism comes of age. Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70(6), 873-875. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbv079
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Penick, J. M., Fallshore, M., & Spencer, A. M. (2014). Using intergenerational service learning to promote positive perceptions about older adults and community service in college students. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 12(1), 25-39. doi:10.1080/15350770.2014.87045
Schroyen, S., Adam, S., Marquet, M., Jerusalem, G., Thiel, S., Giraudet, A. ‐., & Missotten, P. (2018). Communication of healthcare professionals: Is there ageism? European Journal of Cancer Care, 27(1), e12780-n/a. doi:10.1111/ecc.12780
Smith, M. L., Bergeron, C. D., Cowart, C., Ahn, S., Towne, S. D., Ory, M. G., Menn, M. A. & Chaney, J. (2017;2016;). Factors associated with ageist attitudes among college students. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 17(10), 1698-1706. doi:10.1111/ggi.12894
Taylor, E. W. (1997). Building upon the theoretical debate: A critical review of the empirical studies of Mezirow´s transformative learning theory. Adult Education Quarterly, 48(34), 34-59.
Taylor, E. W. (2007). An update of transformative learning theory: A critical review of the empirical research (1999–2005). International Journal of Lifelong Education, 26(2), 173-191.
Taylor, E. W. (2008). Transformative learning theory. New directions for adult and continuing education, (119), 5-15.
Taylor, E., & Cranton, P. (2012). Transformative learning theory: Seeking a more unified theory. In E. W., Taylor, & P., Cranton, The handbook of transformative learning: Theory, research, and practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Turner, S. G., Brown, A. M., & Jarrott, S. E. (2017). For students, by students: Service-learner involvement in the development of visiting kits to facilitate student interactions with old adults. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 15(2), 181-187.
United Nations. (2018). Ageing. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/ageing/
Wilson, D. M., Nam, M. A., Murphy, J., Victorino, J. P., Gondim, E. C., & Low, G. (2017). A critical review of published research literature reviews on nursing and healthcare ageism. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(23-24), 3881-3892. doi:10.1111/jocn.13803
Yon, Y., Anderson, L., Lymburner, J., Marasigan, J., Savage, R., Campo, M., McCloskey, R., & Mandville-Anstey, S. A. (2010). Is ageism in university students associated with elder abuse? Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 8(4), 386-402.
Zucchero, R. A., Iwasaki, M., Lewis, M. M., Lee, J., & Robbins, M. J. (2014). Social justice training within geropsychology: Nontraditional pedagogies to cultivate a competent workforce. The Counseling Psychologist, 42(7), 946-971.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 A. Patricia Aguilera-Hermida

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All published works remain the copyright of the author, and are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attributions-ShareAlike 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) following the journal's published version of the work, as it can lead to productive exchanges and greater citation of published work.