Practice Makes Deeper? Regular Reflective Writing during Engineering Internships

Authors

  • Mia Minnes University of California, San Diego
  • John Mayberry University of the Pacific
  • Melissa Soto San Diego State University
  • Jace Hargis

Keywords:

Written Reflection, Metacognition, Transformative Writing, Professional Preparation, Internship

Abstract

Does regular reflective writing enhance engineering students’ capacity to be reflective professionals? This study explores whether writing and sharing weekly reflections throughout a summer internship can transform the way engineering students’ think about their work in a way that connects it more profoundly with their academic studies. A quasi-experimental mixed methods design is used with a sample size of 60 participants over two years. Using the AAC&U’s Integrative Learning rubric, we find statistically significant improvement in the quality and depth of students’ written reflection at the end of a summer internship enriched with regular writing.  In their writing, students find explicit concrete and abstract connections between their studies and the internship work they do, drawing lessons from it and re-conceptualizing their role as both students and engineers.  The reflections facilitate transformative learning during the internship experiences, guiding students in their professional development.

Author Biographies

Mia Minnes, University of California, San Diego

Dr. Minnes is an Assistant Teaching Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of California, San Diego. Her research interests include both theoretical computer science and the scholarship of teaching and learning.  She has won research funding from the National Science Foundation across these disciplines, including projects on computability and complexity as well as effective teaching practices for large classes.  Her work promoting the teaching of mathematical communication led to an open resource hosted by the Mathematical Association of America, which can be found at http://mathcomm.org.  Dr. Minnes received her PhD in Mathematics from Cornell University in 2008.


John Mayberry, University of the Pacific

Dr. Mayberry received his BA in Mathematics from California State University, Fullerton in 2003 and his PhD in Applied Mathematics from the University of Southern California in 2008. After completing his doctoral work, he spent two years as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Visiting Assistant Professor at Cornell University before starting his current position as an Associate Professor of Mathematics at the University of the Pacific. His research interests include applied probability, mathematical biology, and statistics.

Melissa Soto, San Diego State University

Dr. Soto is currently an Assistant Professor of Mathematics Education specializing in Cognitively Guided Instruction of mathematical thinking. Her areas of interest include investigating mathematical processing, providing mathematical professional development to teachers, examining ways to implement mobile learning. Dr. Soto has earned a B.A. in Elementary Education, a M.Ed. in Mathematics Education, and her Ph.D. in Mathematics Education from the University of California at Davis. She is presently researching the affordances of screencasts in documenting student's mathematical explanations and as a formative assessment tool for teachers.


Jace Hargis

Dr. Hargis currently assists faculty as the Director of the Center for Engaged Teaching at the University of California, San Diego. His prior positions include a College Director in Abu Dhabi, UAE; an Associate Provost of Faculty Development, Assessment and Research and Professor in Honolulu; an Assistant Provost of Faculty Development and Associate Professor in northern California; and a Director of Faculty Development and Assistant Professor in Florida. He has authored a textbook, an anthology and published over 100 academic articles as well as offered hundreds of academic presentations. He has earned a B.S. in Oceanography from Florida Institute of Technology; an M.S. in Environmental Engineering Sciences and a Ph.D. in Science Education from the University of Florida. Dr. Hargis’ research agenda focuses on how people learn while integrating appropriate, relevant and meaningful instructional technologies.

References

Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U). (2016). Integrative and Applied Learning VALUE Rubric. Retrieved from https://www.aacu.org/value/rubrics/integrative-learning

Artino, A. R. (2008). Promoting academic motivation and self-regulation: Practical guidelines for online instructors. TechTrends, 52(3), 37-45.

Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1971). The control of short-term memory. Scientific American, 225, 82-90.

Baker, L., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Metacognitive skills and reading. In Paul David Pearson, Michael L. Kamil, Rebecca Barr, & Peter Mosenthal (Eds.), Handbook of Research in Reading: Volume III (353–395). New York: Longman.

Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Cary, M., & Reder, L. M. (2003). A dual-process account of the list-length and strength-based mirror effects in recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 49, 231–248.

Chemiss, C., Boyatzis, R.E., & Elias, M. (2000). Developments in Emotional Intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass

Chi, M. T. H., Bassok, M., Lewis, M. W., Reimann, P., & Glaser, R. (1989). Self-explanations: How students study and use examples in learning to solve problems. Cognitive Science, 13, 145-182.

Corno, L., & Mandinach, E. B. (1983). The role of cognitive engagement in classroom learning and motivation. Educational Psychologist, 18(2), 1-8.

D’Abate, C., Youndt, M., & Wenzel, K. (2009). Making the most of internship: An empirical study of internship satisfaction. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 8(4), 527-539.

Eichenbaum, H., Yonelinas, A.R., & Ranganath, C. (2007). The medial temporal lobe and recognition memory. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 30, 123–152.

Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (1998). How to study thinking in everyday life: Contrasting think-aloud protocols with descriptions and explanations of thinking. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 5(3), 178-186.

Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906-911.

Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.

Gose, M. (2009). When Socratic dialogue is flagging: questions and strategies for engaging students. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 57(1), 45–49.

Hargis, J. (2000). The self-regulated learner advantage: Learning science on the Internet. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 4(4).

Hargis, J., & Soto, M. (2015). Embracing the critical issues in higher education. Journal of Science Education, 16(2), 44-48.

Hennessey, M. G. (1999). Probing the dimensions of metacognition: Implications for conceptual change teaching-learning. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Boston, MA.

Jackson, R., & Jackson, M. (2009). Students assessment of a semi-directed internship program. Journal of Geography, 108(2), 57-67.

Koran, J. J., Jr., & Koran, M. L. (1988). Using modeling to direct attention. Curator, 31(1), 36-42.

Langley, L., & Hargis, J. (2015). Exploring active learning to connect social issues and game theory. Glokalde eJournal, 1(2).

Narayanan, V., Olk, P., & Fukami, C. (2010). Determinants of internship effectiveness: An exploratory model. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 9(1), 61-80.

National Association of Colleges and Employers. (2012). Job Outlook 2013 Survey. Washington, D.C.: National Association of Colleges and Employers.

National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE). (1922). 14 essential qualities of an engineer. Retrieved from https://www.nspe.org/resources/blogs/young-engineers-blog/14-essential-qualities-executive-engineer

Partnership for 21st Century Skills (2014). Framework for 21st century learning. Retrieved on July 2, 2016 from http://www.p21.org/about-us/p21-framework

Piazza (2016). Piazza: The incredibly easy, completely free Q&A platform. Retrieved from https://piazza.com

Rothman, M. (2003). Internships: Most and least favored aspects among a business school sample. Psychological Reports. 93(3), 921-924.

Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. J. (Eds.). (1998). Self-regulated learning: From teaching to self-reflective practice. New York: The Guilford Press.

Seal, C. R., Beauchamp, K., Miguel, K., & Scott, A. N. (2011). Development of a self-report instrument to assess social and emotional development. Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture, 2(2), 82-95.

Seron, C., Silbey, S. S., Cech, E., & Rubineau, B. (2016). Persistence is cultural: Professional socialization and the reproduction of sex segregation. Work and Occupations, 43(2) 178–214.

Siemens, G. (2004). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Retrieved from http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/connectivism.htm

Vygotsky, L. S. (1986). Thought and language (A. Kozulin, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (Original work published 1934).

Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC). (2016). Educational quality: Student learning, core competencies, and standards of performance at graduation. Retrieved from https://www.wascsenior.org/resources/handbook-accreditation-2013/part-iii-wasc-quality-assurance/institutional-report/components-institutional-report/4-educational-quality-student-learning-core-competencies-and-standards-performance

Wilson, S., Iverson, R., & Chrastil, J. (2001). School reform that integrates public education and democratic principles. Equity & Excellence in Education, 34(1), 64-70.

Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(3), 329-339.

Zimmerman, B. J. (1996). Developing self-regulated learners: Beyond achievement to self-efficacy. The City University of New York: Published by APA, Washington, DC.

Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(2).

Zohar, A., & Adi, B. (2009). Paving a clear path in a thick forest: A conceptual analysis of a metacognitive component. Metacognition Learning, 4, 177-195.

Downloads

Published

2018-06-05

Issue

Section

Research Articles