Meta-Transformative Learning Theory
A Synthesis of Transformative and Other Learning Theories into a Holistic Model
Abstract
Researchers continue to revise Transformative Learning (TL) theory based on new ideas and trends in education to strengthen its practice (Taylor & Cranton, 2013). Some proposed explanations of TL capture the more integrative and holistic aspects of the theory, even calling it a metatheory (Hoggan, 2016). On the other hand, non-TL integrative learning theories have been developed that lack an explicit connection to TL (e.g., Tokuhama-Espinosa & Borja, 2023). This paper integrates both TL and non-TL learning theories to form an overall model of learning. Through a cursory examination of themes across common learning theories, we propose a Meta-Transformative Learning Theory (MTLT) that places TL as a macro-level objective following micro-level objectives present in previous non-TL learning theories. Our MTLT model can be used to support research and practice in any educational setting. A case example from sustainability education is provided to demonstrate the model’s practical applications.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Eric Kyle, Mark Walvoord
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